Process analysis of laser cutting machine

Release Time:2022-07-27

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At present, laser processing technology has become a high-tech supported and popularized by the state. It is listed as a key development project and has broad development prospects. Since lasers are less destructive to materials, they are suitable for most materials ranging from metals and plastics to wafers, electronic components, and more. Laser processing technology is an important technology in the civil and military fields, such as industrial manufacturing, new material development, scientific research, etc. It has high application value and market value. Laser processing technology includes laser cutting, laser welding, laser marking, laser enhancement. Material manufacturing, etc., will be increasingly used in the processing of metal products and materials. With the development of industry and the development of science and technology, people's requirements for materials are getting higher and higher. There are more and more types of metal materials. In addition to ordinary materials, there are ultra-high-strength steels, reactive metals, refractory metals, and various non-metallic materials. The types of these metal materials are also increasing.

1. Vaporization cutting
During the laser vaporization cutting process, the surface temperature of the material quickly rises to the boiling point, which is enough to avoid melting caused by heat conduction, so part of the material vaporizes into steam and disappears, and part of the material is blown away from the bottom of the slit as a jet by the auxiliary gas flow. Very high laser powers are required in this case. To prevent material vapor from condensing on the kerf wall, the thickness of the material must not greatly exceed the diameter of the laser beam. This process is therefore only suitable for applications where the exclusion of molten material must be avoided. This machining is really only used in very small areas of use for iron-based alloys.
2. Melt cutting
In laser melting cutting, the workpiece is partially melted and then the melted material is ejected by means of an air flow. The transfer of the material occurs only in the liquid state, so the process is called laser melting cutting. The laser beam coupled with a high-purity inert cutting gas pushes the molten material out of the kerf without the gas itself cutting. Laser fusion cutting can achieve higher cutting speeds than gaseous cutting. The energy required for gasification is usually higher than the energy required to melt the material. In laser melting cutting, the laser beam is only partially absorbed. The maximum cutting speed increases with increasing laser power and decreases almost inversely with increasing sheet thickness and material melting temperature.

3. Oxidation melting cutting (laser flame cutting)
Fusion cutting generally uses inert gas. If oxygen or other active gas is used instead, the material will be ignited under the irradiation of the laser beam, and a violent chemical reaction with oxygen will generate another heat source to further heat the material, which is called oxidative melting cutting. . Due to this effect, for the same thickness of structural steel, higher cutting rates can be obtained with this method than fusion cutting.
4. Control fracture cutting
For brittle materials that are easily damaged by heat, high-speed and controllable cutting by laser beam heating is called controlled fracture cutting. The main content of this cutting process is that the laser beam heats a small area of brittle material, causing large thermal gradients and severe mechanical deformation in this area, resulting in the formation of cracks in the material. The laser beam can direct cracks in any desired direction as long as a uniform heating gradient is maintained.
Baiwei is committed to the innovation of laser cutting technology and the development of industrial intelligent manufacturing, providing customers with systematic solutions for various metal sheet and pipe processing. One of the most comprehensive laser cutting and sheet metal tube manufacturers. Baiwei implements a strict quality management system, and has passed IS09001 quality system certification, IS014001 environmental system, 0HSAS18001 occupational health and safety certification, and many product series have obtained EU CE system certification.

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